European geography basics

 

 

Travelers to Europe experience a variety of cultures, languages, customs and dress that are unique and varied and yet encompassed in a relatively small geographic scale. The refinement of centuries of culture provides a real window into Western civilization and into the cultural and psychological background of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

• Encompassing nearly 4 million square miles, Europe stretches from Asia to the Atlantic and from the Arctic to Africa.
• Europe is the second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about 6.8% of the earth's land area.
• Europe is comprised of approximately 50 countries, with Russia the largest and Vatican City the smallest.
• Europe's longest river is the Volga, which winds some 2,193 miles through Russia, flowing at its end into the Caspian Sea. Russia's Mt. Elbrus, at 18,510 feet above sea level is the continent's highest point.
• Europe's climate varies from subtropical near the Mediterranean Sea, to sub arctic at the Arctic Ocean in the north.
• For centuries prior to 1945, Europe suffered as the primary battleground for a series of large-scale wars. A series of international initiatives eventually resulted in a common economic market - the European Economic Community. In 1967 the EEC effected the European Union parliament. Each of the member countries delegates some small portion of their national sovereignty to the EU.
• There are no border controls between those countries that have signed the Schengen Agreement. Thus, a visa granted for any Schengen Agreement signatory country is valid in all other countries that have implemented the treaty.
• The population of Europe is estimated to be 731 million according to the United Nations, approximating 11% of the world population. Europe's proportionate share of the world's population is declining.
• European languages can be traced to three Indo-European origins: the Romance languages, derived from the Latin language of the Roman Empire; the Germanic languages, whose ancestor language came from southern Scandinavia; and the Slavic languages of Russia and Eastern Europe. Over the centuries, the geography of Europe and the isolation created by its mountain ranges and rivers, as well as nationalistic trends, created a plethoria of languages in a very small geographic area.